The conclusion of investment treaties between states, given the nature of national law and international law, is a new string of discussions between arbitrators and lawyers, which has created some of the issues that do not comply with the rules of the classical national law and international law. Conclusion of two separate but simultaneous agreements, the treaty between the state-state, and between the state-investor on the subject of separation and recognition of the contractual Claims, and the treaty Claims (considering the effects of determination of the applicable law and the competence of tribunals) have created considerable importance for the host states, exporting capital states, investment companies and arbitrators. In fact, separation of Claims arising out the contract or the treaty not only, in case, makes the domestic courts or international tribunals to be qualified, but also affects on the law governing the dispute based on domestic law or international law principles.Therefore, several criteria have been considered for separation of disputes. Currently the most famous is still the classic standard of Jure Imperii and Jure Gestionis. It is also true in the subject of competent jurisdiction regarding the criteria for which shall the tribunal refer to the stage to accept or decline jurisdiction, whether the plausibility of claimant’s claim is sufficient or shall be considered the Prima Facie Criteria.

The responsibility of the surgeon to compensate the surgeon for the disease that has undergone surgery is one of the most controversial issues in the world of law and medicine that is of particular interest worldwide. Medical professionals are punished for seeing this dangerous specialist attractive, punishing important components. One of the responsibilities of physicians that occurs as a result of medical error is the responsibility of compensating the patient for surgery. Of course, there is no concern about this with liability insurance, but the principle of responsibility is considerable. One of the most neglected issues in the field of medical law is the relation between the doctor’ s conviction and his civil liability. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the legal and corporate responsibilities and their relationship with each other. We will also discuss the terms of the surgeon physicians liability, related legal materials, ways of proving the surgeons liability, and compare civil and law enforcement liability.

Purpose: To report a patient with MEWDS.Patient and findings: A 65-year-old man presented with sudden decrease of vision in his right eye. On ophthalmoscopy of the involved eye, numerous small discrete white lesions were detected superficially and deep in the retina around the disc and macula. On visual field examination, enlargement of the blind spot was detected. Fluorescein angiography was unremarkable. On electroretinography, the a-wave was decreased minimally. The patient was followed and after 2 months, significant improvement of visual acuity and visual field was observed.Conclusion: MEWDS is a rare intraocular inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and in contrast to our patient, more frequent in females. The natural course is generally benign with spontaneous disappearance of the lesions and improvement of vision in 6 to 8 weeks.

Mahriya philosophy was a pleasing affair for a woman to start a life. As soon as the marriage takes place, the woman owns the mahriyah. When she want, and when she requests must be paid this the debt. The dominance of misconceptions and rivalry has caused numerous in limit of mahriyah has given the eye and eye of metathyroidism. Lack of enough skills to solve family disputes, Patience and tolerance of young girls and Immediately and promptly referring to press her husband by resorting to get mahriyah has caused a lot of damages. Since The Law of the Implementation of Financial Convictions has benefitted from prison. women Imprison her husbands by misusing this rule. Since the law on how to execute financial convictions has been used to disenfranchise individuals, it has been the subject of family lawsuits. This article is an analytical and descriptive method of jurisprudential and legal criticism of denial of couples' freedom in mahriyah lawsuits. The monopoly of deprivation of liberty appears to be defensible in cases of deliberate non-payment of dowry despite financial hardship. In other cases, attempts to resolve the main family problem by consulting, and practicing religion rather than depriving the husband of a better life can be Achieve life and marriage goals and take a step toward reducing divorce rates and inmates.

Scientific scepticism, fundamentally, questions the veracity and epistemic value of Claims not supported by scientific evidence. Motivated by the assumption that only the empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth, the scientific sceptics often maintain that only scientific method is best suited for this purpose. Claims found to be wanting in scientific evidence are considered untrue, and of little or no epistemic consequence. Using the analytical and critical methods, this paper interrogates this epistemic criterion of justification of scientific scepticism. It shows the inherent epistemic deficits in this criterion of the scientific sceptics, and how absolutizing its demands in such a manner as to undermine the veracity and epistemic significance of Claims outside the mainstream discipline of science is not only to entrap themselves in many epistemic burdens, but also to sink under the unsavoury weight of criteriological egocentrism, detrimental to cognitive progress. As a credible alternative, this paper explores the epistemic fecundity of contextualistic pluralism – the pluralism of contextually underwritten cognitive positions – in truth and knowledge justification. It concludes with the relevance of this approach in epistemic justification as evident in its inclusive nature as well as its shift of the focus of philosophical thinking from identity to diversity in an interculturality society.

Introduction: Myocardial bridging is a congenital condition in which a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery has an intra myocardial route. Myocardial bridging is usually confined to a single vessel and is typically the mid segment of the left anterior descending artery. Bridging may be associated with chest pain, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, or usually asymptomatic.Case Report: A 59 year-old women with diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with dyspnea and chest pain on exercise. Physical exam, electrocardiography and echocardiography were intact. In angiography, we found severe stenosis of left main coronary artery and severe stenosis of three coronary artery (Three Vessel Disease) as well as Multiple myocardial bridges at the end of right coronary artery.Conclusion: Myocardial bridging is a rave condition, however, it be considered in patients facing recurrent chest pain, it has severe complication such as sudden cardiac death.